![]() In addition to that, the history of each of the "Kingdoms" is described separately and from its own point of view. The Three Kingdoms (, Sn Gu, AD 220280) are technically not a dynasty (at least not a single one) but are usually listed among the Chinese dynasties. This chapter of the encyclopaedia gives an overview of the political history of the Three Kingdoms period, the geography of the time, provides a list of the respective rulers, describes the administration and political structure of the empires/kingdoms, and gives insight into the religion and beliefs of the time, as well as the fine arts (if one may use this term in that historical stage), the economy, literature and philosophy, and the history of technology and inventions. The Wei dynasty itself succumbed to internal quarrels and was replaced by the Jin dynasty 晉 (265-420), founded by a powerful general of the family Sima 司馬 which eventually reunited China. The latter was conquered by the state of Wei. The empire of Shu, whose rulers claimed the right to inherit the Han dynasty, was likewise dependent on the goodwill of the old gentry of the Sichuan Basin. The empire of Wu in the southeast was characterized by an antagonism between the imperial court and the local gentry. One of the most turbulent and romanticized eras in ancient Chinese history is that of the three kingdoms period. The 3rd century also experienced a general militarization of society. The highest of them had exclusive access to eminent state offices, while the lower ranks were reserved for members of less prestigious families. The Wei empire saw the introduction of a pseudo-moral ranking of distinguished families in nine grades ( jiupin 九品). The division between north and south in the early 3rd century intensified the cultural, political and economic differences between these two parts of China. The region of Sichuan and Yunnan was dominated by the empire of Shu 蜀 (221-263), established by Liu Bei 劉備. The south was controlled by the empire of Wu 吳 (222-280), founded by Sun Quan 孫權. 220-226), is normally seen as the rightful successor of the Han dynasty. 1 Copy text Unity succeeds division and division follows unity. quote from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Vol. ![]() ![]() Luo Guanzhong, quote from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Vol. The empire of Wei 魏 (220-265), founded by Cao Pi 曹丕 (known as Emperor Wen of Wei 魏文帝, r. The world under heaven, after a long period of division, tends to unite after a long period of union, tends to divide. ![]() Long story of the rivalry, intrigues and wars of the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The designation "Three Kingdoms" has become the common term because it is the popular translation of the historical romance Sanguo yanyi 三國演義 from the 15th century. Three Kingdoms: With Hewei Yu, Yi Lu, Kai Kang, Jianbin Chen. The Three Empires (Sanguo 三國, 220-280), often called "Three Kingdoms", were three states that succeeded the Later Han dynasty 後漢 (25-220 CE) and came into being as the only surviving dominions of several warlords that contended for imperial power after the breakdown of the Han central government. ![]()
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